Plant Pathogens: DNA viruses

Plant pararetroviruses or Caulimoviridae, Geminiviridae, and Nanoviridae all accumulate as minichromosomes in the nucleus, although their replication strategies differ, with Caulimoviridae using transcription/reverse transcription and Geminiviridae and Nanoviridae rolling circle replication. We give an overview on these viruses and describe their interaction with the host, including silencing and silencing suppression and their occasional integration into the host chromatin. We further describe their replication, transcription, translation and posttranslational modifications, recombination, as well as capsid structure and assembly, movement, and insect transmission.