Parametric optimization-based peer-to-peer energy trading among commercial buildings considering multiple energy conversion

A peer-to-peer energy trading framework of buildings considering multi-energy coupling is presented in this study to improve energy efficiency and achieve cost savings. Microsources, such as photovoltaic and micro-combined heat and power, are used to meet electricity and heating demands, while the problem of unbalanced power is solved via the main grid and other peers through peer-to-peer energy trading. All peers aim to maximize their revenue and create trading strategies (i.e., trading period and volume) based on the time-of-use tariff released by the main grid. The trading model established by each peer is a parametric optimization-based problem because each peer must consider the trading willingness of other peers when formulating strategies. A new mixed-integer linear programming problem to maximize total profit can be finally formulated to obtain an equilibrium solution that satisfies all peers. Results show that the proposed peer-to-peer transaction approach can reduce energy bills of buildings. Daily purchased electricity from the main grid decreases by 8.9% through peer-to-peer energy trading between different buildings. In addition, compared with the building peer-to-peer transaction that only considers electricity energy management, the amount of purchased electricity from the main network can be reduced by 4.2% a day when multi-energy coupling is considered in peer-to-peer.