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Active and Passive Surveillance and Phylogenetic Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Elucidate the Process of Lyme Disease Risk Emergence in Canada
- Source :
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010.
-
Abstract
- BACKGROUND: Northward expansion of the tick Ixodes scapularis is driving Lyme disease (LD) emergence in Canada. Information on mechanisms involved is needed to enhance surveillance and identify where LD risk is emerging. OBJECTIVES: We used passive and active surveillance and phylogeographic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi to investigate LD risk emergence in Quebec. METHODS: In active surveillance, we collected ticks from the environment and from captured rodents. B. burgdorferi transmission was detected by serological analysis of rodents and by polymerase chain reaction assays of ticks. Spatiotemporal trends in passive surveillance data assisted interpretation of active surveillance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of B. burgdorferi in ticks identified likely source locations of B. burgdorferi. RESULTS: In active surveillance, we found I. scapularis at 55% of sites, and we were more likely to find them at sites with a warmer climate. B. burgdorferi was identified at 13 I. scapularis-positive sites, but infection prevalence in ticks and animal hosts was low. Low infection prevalence in ticks submitted in passive surveillance after 2004-from the tick-positive regions identified in active surveillance-coincided with an exponential increase in tick submissions during this time. MLST analysis suggested recent introduction of B. burgdorferi from the northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with I. scapularis ticks dispersed from the United States by migratory birds, founding populations where the climate is warmest, and then establishment of B. burgdorferi from the United States several years after I. scapularis have established. These observations provide vital information for public health to minimize the impact of LD in Canada.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Science Selections
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Zoology
Rodentia
Disease
News
Tick
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Lyme disease
medicine
emergence
Animals
Cluster Analysis
Humans
Borrelia burgdorferi
Socioeconomics
Phylogeny
Demography
Lyme Disease
Ixodes
biology
Ecology
Transmission (medicine)
Public health
Research
Quebec
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Outbreak
Genetic Variation
Sequence Analysis, DNA
bacterial infections and mycoses
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Tick Infestations
climate change
Logistic Models
Ixodes scapularis
Population Surveillance
Lyme disease microbiology
environment
Ixodidae
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15529924 and 00916765
- Volume :
- 118
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0158432151c866f68e0cbeb04fb7c38d
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901766