Distribution of risk factors of hypertension patients in different age groups in Tianjin

Background To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin. Methods A total of 33,997 people (35–75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41–65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039–1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691–2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590–2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287–2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330–2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619–2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412–1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409–1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307–1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160–1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830–2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243–2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345–1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061–2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192–1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group. Conclusion Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group.