Atrial Flutter Ablation: Electrophysiological Landmarks

Understanding the configuration of the whole flutter circuit is for us the only valid parameter allowing the design of an ablation strategy. Fragmented or double electrograms may have different meanings in different parts of the circuit, and full activation mapping is the best clue to their interpretation. Correlation of anatomy with activation sequence will mark the best ablation target (isthmus) in each case. Multiple simultaneous recordings from the septum and right atrial anterior wall are very helpful to rapidly diagnose circular activation of the right atrium. In cases without this type of activation, coronary sinus recordings and the study of postentrainment cycles are helpful to localize the reentry circuit.