In Vitro Study on the Response of Fibroblast Cellular Respiration to Lipoic acid, Thiamine and Carnitine in Patients with Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Objectives: This study examined in vitro responses of fibroblast cellular respiration to lipoic acid, thiamine and carnitine in patients with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency. This disorder impairs cellular bioenergetics and these compounds are used to improve clinical manifestations of the disease. The study aimed to utilize mitochondrial O2 consumption as a surrogate biomarker for examining cellular responses to metabolic therapies. Methods: Cultured fibroblasts from three patients were treated with therapeutic concentrations of the compounds for 24 hours. Cells were then harvested and processed for measuring respiration using phosphorescence oxygen analyzer. Patients 1 and 2 were severely symptomatic infants with homozygous c.1436A>T mutation in the DLD gene. Patient-3 was a mildly symptomatic adolescent with homozygous c.685G>T mutation. Results: The rate of respiration (mean ± SD, n=6, μM O2 min-1/107 cells) in fibroblasts from a normal infant was 9.3 ± 1.6, in fibroblasts from Patient-1 was 5.1 ± 0.9 (p=0.001), in fibroblasts from Patient-2 was 7.4 ± 1.4 (p=0.051), and in fibroblasts from Patient-3 was 10.3 ± 3.3 (p=0.836). In normal fibroblasts, respiration decreased by the thiamine (p=0.012) and carnitine (p=0.023) treatments. In Patient-1, respiration increased by the lipoic acid (p