Association between acute kidney injury and risk of Parkinson disease

Backgrounds Worldwide, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasing. However, information on the long-term incidence of Parkinson disease (PD) in patients with AKI has not been reported. Methods A total of 9380 patients with AKI and 37,484 age- and sex-matched patients who did not have AKI were identified during 2003–2011. All patients were tracked until a diagnosis of PD, death, or the end of 2011. Cumulative incidences and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Results The mean follow-up time for PD was 6.89 (SD = 3.30) years in the AKI cohort and 6.78 (SD = 3.29) years in the non-AKI cohort. The overall incidence densities of PD were significantly higher in the AKI cohort than in the non-AKI cohort (6.04 vs. 3.99/1000 person-years), with an adjusted HR of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.83). Compared with the patients in the non-AKI cohort aged ≤ 64 years, the relative risk (95% CI) of PD was 2.17 (1.12–4.18), 14.1 (9.16–21.8), and 14.1 (8.43–23.6) for the patients in the AKI cohort aged ≤ 64, 65–79, and ≥ 80 years, respectively. Conclusion Patients with AKI were associated with a higher long-term risk of PD.