Flourishing Smart Flexible Membranes Beyond Paper

Recently, smart flexible membranes (SFMs), especially paper, have flourished, and SFM-based devices are characterized by passive response to external stimuli and manipulate liquids and electronics, making SFMs suitable for (bio)chemical sensing, display, wearable sensing, and energy harvesting. In this Feature, we summarize both the historical development and recent advances in SFM-based devices built with both traditional papers and other flexible membranes, including passive responses to external stimuli, manipulation of microfluidics and electronics, and multiple applications based on such manipulation.