Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, a Powerful Technique Allowing Sure Identification and Complete Characterization of Asbestiform Minerals

Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been applied to fibrous minerals regulated as “asbestos”—anthophyllite, actinolite, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, and chrysotile—responsible of severe diseases affecting mainly, but not only, the respiratory system. The technique proved to be powerful in the identification of the mineral phase and in the recognition of particles of carbonaceous materials (CMs) lying on the “asbestos” fibers surface. Also, erionite, a zeolite mineral, from different outcrops has been analyzed. To erionite has been ascribed the peak of mesothelioma noticed in Cappadocia (Turkey) during the 1970s. On the fibers, micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed to recognize many grains, micrometric in size, of iron oxy-hydroxides or potassium iron sulphate, in erionite from Oregon, or particles of CMs, in erionite from North Dakota, lying on the crystal surface. Raman spectroscopy appears therefore to be the technique allowing, without preparation of the sample, a complete characterization of the minerals and of the associated phases.