Safety and efficacy of sufentanil combined with midazolam in bronchoscopy under conscious sedation: retrospective study of 11,158 cases

BACKGROUND: The recommended conscious sedation for bronchoscopy is still lacking. The safety and efficacy of sufentanil combined with midazolam in bronchoscopy under conscious sedation is not well elucidated. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who received bronchoscopy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2013 to July 2017. Sufentanil and midazolam were administrated for conscious sedation. The drug dosage, sedating effect and adverse event were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Totally, 7,089 males and 4,069 females aged 54±16 years (ranged from 4 to 94 years) were enrolled in this study. The dosage of sufentanil and midazolam were 5.25±1.28 mcg (2–13 mcg) and 2.03±0.51 mg (0.5–4.5 mg), respectively. Ninety-eight point six percent (10,998/11,158) of bronchoscopies were successfully completed, while 68.7% (7,670/11,158) procedures were performed with initial dose of 5 mcg sufentanil and 2 mg midazolam. Endobronchial biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), therapeutic procedure and asthma were predictors of giving incremental doses of sufentanil and midazolam (all OR >1, P1, P