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Neuroprotective Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and Its Therapeutic Potential
- Source :
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol 2019 (2019), Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Hindawi Limited, 2019.
-
Abstract
- The mechanisms underlying poor outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are complex and multifactorial. They include early brain injury, spreading depolarisation, inflammation, oxidative stress, macroscopic cerebral vasospasm, and microcirculatory disturbances. Nrf2 is a global promoter of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response and has potential protective effects against all of these mechanisms. It has been shown to be upregulated after SAH, and Nrf2 knockout animals have poorer functional and behavioural outcomes after SAH. There are many agents known to activate the Nrf2 pathway. Of these, the actions of sulforaphane, curcumin, astaxanthin, lycopene,tert-butylhydroquinone, dimethyl fumarate, melatonin, and erythropoietin have been studied in SAH models. This review details the different mechanisms of injury after SAH including the contribution of haemoglobin (Hb) and its breakdown products. It then summarises the evidence that the Nrf2 pathway is active and protective after SAH and finally examines the evidence supporting Nrf2 upregulation as a therapy after SAH.
- Subjects :
- Aging
NF-E2-Related Factor 2
Inflammation
Review Article
Pharmacology
medicine.disease_cause
Models, Biological
environment and public health
Biochemistry
Neuroprotection
Melatonin
chemistry.chemical_compound
Cerebral vasospasm
Downregulation and upregulation
medicine
Animals
Humans
cardiovascular diseases
lcsh:QH573-671
lcsh:Cytology
business.industry
Cell Biology
General Medicine
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
respiratory system
nervous system diseases
Oxidative Stress
chemistry
Erythropoietin
Curcumin
medicine.symptom
business
Oxidative stress
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19420994 and 19420900
- Volume :
- 2019
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0d3de21c44cd9092134aef6bd7afcb98