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Nanomedicine and cancer immunotherapy: focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors
- Source :
- OncoTargets and therapy
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Dove Medical Press, 2017.
-
Abstract
- Nanomedicine application in cancer immunotherapy is currently one of the most challenging areas in cancer therapeutic intervention. Innovative solutions have been provided by nanotechnology to deliver cytotoxic agents to the cancer cells partially affecting the healthy cells of the body during the process. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery is an emerging approach to stimulate the immune responses against cancer. The inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a pivotal area of research in cancer immunotherapy. IDO is a heme-containing immunosuppressive enzyme, which is responsible for the degradation of tryptophan while increasing the concentration of kynurenine metabolites. Various preclinical studies showed that IDO inhibition in certain diseases may result in significant therapeutic effects. Here, we provide a review of the natural and synthetic inhibitors of IDO. These inhibitors are classified according to their source, inhibitory concentrations, the chemical structure, and the mechanism of action. Tumor-targeted chemotherapy is an advanced technique and has more advantages as compared to the conventional chemotherapy. Search for more efficient and less toxic nanoparticles in conjunction with compounds to inhibit IDO is still an area of interest for several research groups worldwide, especially revealing to be an extensive and a promising area in cancer therapeutic innovations.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
medicine.medical_treatment
Review
Pharmacology
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
cancer therapeutics
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Cancer immunotherapy
Medicine
Pharmacology (medical)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
Cytotoxicity
business.industry
Cancer
medicine.disease
nanomedicine
030104 developmental biology
natural inhibitors of IDO
Oncology
chemistry
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Cancer cell
Drug delivery
business
synthetic inhibitors of IDO
Kynurenine
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 11786930
- Volume :
- 10
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- OncoTargets and therapy
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0dfd78f0e1f2754dcd8a403a64bd0994