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Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells
- Source :
- Cancer Medicine, Cancer Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp 3186-3193 (2016)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2016.
-
Abstract
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment in cancer therapy, with a photosensitizer activated by visible light. Aloe‐emodin (AE) is a promising photosensitive agent. In this study, the photosensitizing effects and possible mechanisms of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells were evaluated. The efficiency of AE‐PDT was analyzed by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was investigated by Hoechst 33,342 staining and flow cytometer. The intracellular distribution of AE was detected with confocal microscopy. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH‐DA. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by Rhodamine 123. The expression of proteins including cytochrome c, caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78 was detected by western blot. Apoptosis is the primary mode of cell death in our study, which occurs in a manner of depending on AE concentration and irradiation dose. Confocal microscopy showed that AE was primarily localized on the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of MG63 cells. AE‐PDT resulted in rapid increases of intracellular ROS production, which reached a peak at 2 h, followed by declining of mitochondrial membrane potential, releasing of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and up‐regulation of caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78. These results suggest that death of MG63 cells induced by AE‐PDT is triggered by ROS. Meanwhile, Mitochondria and ER serve as the subcellular targets, which are responsible for AE‐PDT‐induced death of MG63 cells.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
Programmed cell death
Aloe emodin
Cell Survival
Gene Expression
Anthraquinones
Apoptosis
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rhodamine 123
lcsh:RC254-282
Mitochondrial Proteins
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Cell Line, Tumor
Humans
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
MTT assay
Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
Original Research
Cancer Biology
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
Osteosarcoma
Photosensitizing Agents
biology
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytochrome c
lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
mitochondrial
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Molecular biology
Cell biology
Mitochondria
030104 developmental biology
Oncology
chemistry
photodynamic therapy
Photochemotherapy
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
biology.protein
Reactive Oxygen Species
Intracellular
Biomarkers
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20457634
- Volume :
- 5
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cancer Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0e23e536c5e70577ea6722e72c833118