Unilateral breast enlargement secondary to hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula and subclavian vein occlusion

Placement of permanent arteriovenous accesses or of temporary subclavian dual-lumen catheters for hemodialysis can be associated with significant edema of the ipsilateral arm due to venous occlusion. We report an unusual case of marked breast enlargement secondary to hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula, and subclavian vein occlusion proximal to the junction of the mammary vein. To our knowledge, this is a rare complication of hemodialysis accesses. Breast enlargement associated with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae, especially in the presence of a history of subclavian vein catheterization, may be indicative of ipsilateral subclavian vein stenosis/thrombosis.