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Bile Facilitates Human Norovirus Interactions with Diverse Histoblood Group Antigens, Compensating for Capsid Microvariation Observed in 2016–2017 GII.2 Strains
- Source :
- Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 989, p 989 (2020), Viruses, Volume 12, Issue 9
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of global infectious acute gastroenteritis, causing ~20% of reported diarrheal episodes. Typically, GII.4 strains cause 50&ndash<br />70% of yearly outbreaks, and pandemic waves of disease approximately every 2&ndash<br />7 years due to rapid evolution. Importantly, GII.4 dominance is occasionally challenged by the sudden emergence of other GII strains, most recently by GII.2 strains which peaked in 2016&ndash<br />2017, dramatically increasing from 1% to 20% of total HuNoV outbreaks. To determine if viral capsid evolution may account for the sudden rise in GII.2 outbreaks, Virus Like Particles (VLPs) of two 2016&ndash<br />2017 GII.2 strains were compared by antigenic and histo blood group antigen (HBGA) binding profiles to the prototypic 1976 GII.2 Snow Mountain Virus (SMV) strain. Despite &gt<br />50 years of GII.2 strain persistence in human populations, limited sequence diversity and antigenic differences were identified between strains. However, capsid microvariation did affect HBGA binding patterns, with contemporary strains demonstrating decreased avidity for type A saliva. Furthermore, bile salts increased GII.2 VLP avidity for HBGAs, but did not alter antigenicity. These data indicate that large changes in antigenicity or receptor binding are unlikely to explain GII.2 emergence, in contrast to the pandemic GII.4 strains, and indicate that host factors such as waning or remodeling of serum or mucosal immunity likely contributed to the surge in GII.2 prevalence.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Antigenicity
viruses
030106 microbiology
lcsh:QR1-502
norovirus
bile
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Virus
Article
lcsh:Microbiology
Evolution, Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
Capsid
fluids and secretions
Antigen
Immunity
Virology
medicine
Humans
Avidity
Amino Acid Sequence
histo blood group antigen
Caliciviridae Infections
blockade antibody
Outbreak
virus diseases
Antigenic Variation
immunity
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Mutation
Norovirus
Blood Group Antigens
Capsid Proteins
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19994915
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 989
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0f1c1bd2dcf4408a9f8cc24ceb9b2c2b