Is everolimus linked to metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients?

As the mortality rates after liver transplantation (LT) have been reduced, the attention has shifted to additional conditions which still compromise the quality of life and the survival of these patients, such as the post-LT metabolic syndrome (MS). In order to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with the post-LT MS, we carried out the present study. One hundred and six LT recipients, after completing at least 1 year follow up after LT, were included in the study. Data on clinical, laboratory parameters and immunosuppressive therapy before and after LT were recorded. MS was defined as per current diagnostic criteria. MS was prevalent in 47.2% (50 of 106 patients) and was not associated with the LT indications and the time period after LT. Univariate analysis showed that history of diabetes mellitus before (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.046–9.918, p = 0.042) and after LT (OR 6.03, 95% CI 2.18–16.67, p = 0.001), the age at the time of baseline visit (OR 1.077, 95% CI 1.033–1.124, p = 0.001) and the everolimus-based immunosuppression (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.003–1.33, p = 0.019) were significantly associated with MS. Notably, everolimus administration was the only factor independently associated with the presence of post-LT MS (OR 1.026, 95% CI 1.004–1.047, p = 0.019). More specifically, everolimus was linked to the presence of arterial hypertension (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.0–1.03, p = 0.05) and hyperlipidemia (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.28–6.56, p = 0.011). Our study demonstrated for the first time that everolimus was independently associated with post-LT MS. Nevertheless, more robust studies are required to confirm these findings.