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A Positive Iris Feedback: Insights from Climate Simulations with Temperature-Sensitive Cloud–Rain Conversion
- Source :
- Journal of Climate, Journal of Climate, 2019, 32 (16), pp.5305-5324. ⟨10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0845.1⟩, Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, 2019, 32 (16), pp.5305-5324. ⟨10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0845.1⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- American Meteorological Society, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Estimates for equilibrium climate sensitivity from current climate models continue to exhibit a large spread, from 2.1 to 4.7 K per carbon dioxide doubling. Recent studies have found that the treatment of precipitation efficiency in deep convective clouds—specifically the conversion rate from cloud condensate to rain Cp—may contribute to the large intermodel spread. It is common for convective parameterization in climate models to carry a constant Cp, although its values are model and resolution dependent. In this study, we investigate how introducing a potential iris feedback, the cloud–climate feedback introduced by parameterizing Cp to increase with surface temperature, affects future climate simulations within a slab ocean configuration of the Community Earth System Model. Progressively stronger dependencies of Cp on temperature unexpectedly increase the equilibrium climate sensitivity monotonically from 3.8 to up to 4.6 K. This positive iris feedback puzzle, in which a reduction in cirrus clouds increases surface temperature, is attributed to changes in the opacity of convectively detrained cirrus. Cirrus clouds reduced largely in ice content and marginally in horizontal coverage, and thus the positive shortwave cloud radiative feedback dominates. The sign of the iris feedback is robust across different cloud macrophysics schemes, which control horizontal cloud cover associated with detrained ice. These results suggest a potentially strong but highly uncertain connection among convective precipitation, detrained anvil cirrus, and the high cloud feedback in a climate forced by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Supplemental information related to this paper is available at the Journals Online website: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0845.s1. © 2019 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses).
- Subjects :
- Atmospheric Science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
business.industry
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Cloud computing
010502 geochemistry & geophysics
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
chemistry
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
13. Climate action
Climatology
Carbon dioxide
Environmental science
Climate sensitivity
IRIS (biosensor)
Temperature sensitive
Climate model
Current (fluid)
business
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15200442 and 08948755
- Volume :
- 32
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Climate
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....100f88f75ca4c447e189b14af0f09825