Paediatric orbital ultrasound: Tips and tricks

The orbital structures are ideally suited for ultrasound examination due to their superficial location and cystic composition of the eye. However, orbital ultrasound remains an underutilised modality due to preference for other cross-sectional modalities in general practice.In this article, we review the basic principles, clinical uses and technique of orbital ultrasound in peadiatric patients.The clinical utility of orbital ultrasound in peadiatric patients is demonstrated using selected cases.Ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis of various posterior segment pathologies, especially in conditions causing opacification of light-conducting media of the eye. It is also beneficial in diagnosing various orbital pathologies, particularly in differentiating solid from cystic lesions.The added advantages of its use in children include lack of ionising radiation and reduced requirement of sedation or general anesthesia. Ultrasound is the most practical initial investigation in cases where ophthalmoscopy is limited by opacification of ocular media. The addition of color Doppler on ultrasound can give additional information about the vascularity of the lesion.Use of ultrasound can be streamlined into the workup of various orbital and ocular pathologies either as an initial investigation or as a problem-solving tool in cases with a diagnostic dilemma on other modalities.