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Smoking and Diabetes Control in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study From the 2018 National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes of Iran
- Source :
- Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 44:246-252
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Smoking is among the top leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, studies on the association between smoking and diabetes complications and metabolic control have shown conflicting results. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of smoking with micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes and lipid and glycemic indices.We used the National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes of Iran database of 99,651 adult patients with diabetes across Iran. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between smoking and diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. This association was adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (A1C), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, medication, obesity and type of diabetes.Smoking was associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy (odds ratios [ORs] for patients with type 1 diabetes were 1.51, 2.29, 2.70 and 2.40, respectively; for patients with type 2 diabetes, ORs were 1.27, 1.21, 1.51 and 1.70, respectively; all with p values0.001). Among patients with type 1 diabetes, smoking was significantly (p0.05) associated with A1C (OR, 2.12), 2-h postglucose level (OR, 1.30), triglycerides (OR, 1.48) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) control (OR, 1.34). Among patients with type 2 diabetes, smoking was significantly associated with A1C (OR, 1.09) and HDL control (OR, 1.21).Smoking was associated with multiple diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy and worse A1C and HDL control in both patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It was also associated with worse 2-h postglucose level and triglyceride control among patients with type 1 diabetes. Our findings signify that national programs for smoking prevention and cessation may be beneficial to diabetes control in Iran.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Glycemic Control
Type 2 diabetes
Iran
Nephropathy
Diabetes Complications
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Diabetic Neuropathies
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
Diabetes mellitus
Internal Medicine
Humans
Medicine
Diabetic Nephropathies
030212 general & internal medicine
Aged
Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic Retinopathy
business.industry
Smoking
General Medicine
Odds ratio
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Obesity
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Glycemic index
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
chemistry
Female
Glycated hemoglobin
business
Diabetic Angiopathies
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14992671
- Volume :
- 44
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Canadian Journal of Diabetes
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....10a9db084a80874ad8813fea4231be6a