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Ligamentous Restraints to External Rotation of the Humerus in the Late-Cocking Phase of Throwing
Ligamentous Restraints to External Rotation of the Humerus in the Late-Cocking Phase of Throwing
- Source :
- The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 28:200-205
- Publication Year :
- 2000
- Publisher :
- SAGE Publications, 2000.
-
Abstract
- The late-cocking phase of throwing is characterized by extreme external rotation of the abducted arm; repeated stress in this position is a potential source of glenohumeral joint laxity. To determine the ligamentous restraints for external rotation in this position, 20 cadaver shoulders (mean age, 65 +/- 16 years) were dissected, leaving the rotator cuff tendons, coracoacromial ligament, glenohumeral capsule and ligaments, and coracohumeral ligament intact. The combined superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments, anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament, and the entire inferior glenohumeral ligament were marked with sutures during arthroscopy. Specimens were mounted in a testing apparatus to simulate the late-cocking position. Forces of 22 N were applied to each of the rotator cuff tendons. An external rotation torque (0.06 N x m/sec to a peak of 3.4 N x m) was applied to the humerus of each specimen with the capsule intact and again after a single randomly chosen ligament was cut (N = 5 in each group). Cutting the entire inferior glenohumeral ligament resulted in the greatest increase in external rotation (10.2 degrees +/- 4.9 degrees). This was not significantly different from sectioning the coracohumeral ligament (8.6 degrees +/- 7.3 degrees). The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (2.7 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees) and the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments (0.7 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees) were significantly less important in limiting external rotation.
- Subjects :
- Male
Coracoacromial ligament
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
medicine
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Rotator cuff
Humerus
Range of Motion, Articular
Aged
030222 orthopedics
medicine.diagnostic_test
Shoulder Joint
business.industry
Arthroscopy
030229 sport sciences
Anatomy
Middle Aged
musculoskeletal system
Biomechanical Phenomena
medicine.anatomical_structure
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Ligaments, Articular
Ligament
Female
Shoulder joint
business
human activities
Sports
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15523365 and 03635465
- Volume :
- 28
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The American Journal of Sports Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....10fd166f1ba32a4146b0fd6a7eb5607a
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280021001