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High Infection Secondary Attack Rates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Dutch Households Revealed by Dense Sampling
High Infection Secondary Attack Rates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Dutch Households Revealed by Dense Sampling
- Source :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background Indoor environments are considered one of the main settings for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Households in particular represent a close-contact environment with high probability of transmission between persons of different ages and roles in society. Methods Households with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive case in the Netherlands (March-May 2020) were included. At least 3 home visits were performed during 4-6 weeks of follow-up, collecting naso- and oropharyngeal swabs, oral fluid, feces and blood samples from all household members for molecular and serological analyses. Symptoms were recorded from 2 weeks before the first visit through to the final visit. Infection secondary attack rates (SAR) were estimated with logistic regression. A transmission model was used to assess household transmission routes. Results A total of 55 households with 187 household contacts were included. In 17 households no transmission took place; in 11 households all persons were infected. Estimated infection SARs were high, ranging from 35% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24%-46%) in children to 51% (95% CI, 39%-63%) in adults. Estimated transmission rates in the household were high, with reduced susceptibility of children compared with adolescents and adults (0.67; 95% CI, .40-1.1). Conclusion Estimated infection SARs were higher than reported in earlier household studies, presumably owing to our dense sampling protocol. Children were shown to be less susceptible than adults, but the estimated infection SAR in children was still high. Our results reinforce the role of households as one of the main multipliers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Microbiology (medical)
Adolescent
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Population
Logistic regression
Serology
law.invention
law
Major Article
Humans
Medicine
Transmission risks and rates
Child
education
Feces
Family Characteristics
education.field_of_study
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
Incidence
COVID-19
Sampling (statistics)
Transmission model
Household study
Secondary Attack Rate
AcademicSubjects/MED00290
Infectious Diseases
Transmission (mechanics)
Disease Susceptibility
business
Demography
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15376591 and 10584838
- Volume :
- 74
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....15f9a2d3c2953d0c9042a1f18fa12086
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab237