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Stimulated Raman scattering simulation for imaging optimization
- Source :
- Zada, L, Fokker, B, Leslie, H A, Vethaak, A D, De Boer, J F & Ariese, F 2021, ' Stimulated Raman scattering simulation for imaging optimization ', Journal of the European Optical Society. Rapid Publications, vol. 17, no. 1, 10, pp. 1-13 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-021-00155-w, Journal of the European Optical Society. Rapid Publications, 17(1):10, 1-13. IOP Publishing Ltd., Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Two simulation programs of a stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (SRS) imaging system with lock-in amplifier (LIA) detection were developed. SRS is an imaging technique based on the vibrational Raman cross-section as the contrast mechanism and enables fast, label-free imaging. Most SRS implementations are based on LIA detection of a modulated signal. However, building and operating such SRS set-ups still poses a challenge when selecting the LIA parameter settings for optimized acquisition speed or image quality. Moreover, the type of sample, e.g. a sparse sample vs. a densely packed sample, the required resolution as well as the Raman cross-section and the laser powers affect the parameter choice.A simulation program was used to find these optimal parameters. The focal spot diameters of the individual lasers (pump and Stokes) were used to estimate the effective SRS signal focal spot and the (optical) spatial resolution. By calibrating the signal and noise propagation through an SRS system for a known molecule, we estimated the signal and noise input to the LIA. We used a low pass filter model to simulate the LIA behavior in order to find the optimal parameters (i.e. filter order and time constant).Optimization was done for either image quality (expressed as contrast to noise ratio) or acquisition time. The targeted object size was first determined as a measure for the required resolution. The simulation output consisted of the LIA parameters, pixel dwell time and contrast to noise ratio.In a second simulation we evaluated SRS imaging based on the same principles as the optimal setting simulation, i.e. the signals were propagated through an imaging system and LIA detection. The simulated images were compared to experimental SRS images of polystyrene beads.Finally, the same software was used to simulate multiplexed SRS imaging. In this study we modeled a six-channel frequency-encoded multiplexed SRS system demodulated with six LIA channels. We evaluated the inter-channel crosstalk as a function of chosen LIA parameters, which in multiplex SRS imaging also needs to be considered.These programs to optimize the contrast to noise ratio, acquisition speed, resolution and crosstalk will be useful for operating stimulated Raman scattering imaging setup, as well as for designing novel setups.
- Subjects :
- Optimization
Lock-in amplifier
Image quality
Low-pass filter
Non-linear
02 engineering and technology
01 natural sciences
Signal
Imaging
010309 optics
Optics
Contrast-to-noise ratio
0103 physical sciences
Applied optics. Photonics
SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
Image resolution
Raman
Multiplex
Physics
Modulation
Microscopy
business.industry
Noise (signal processing)
QC350-467
Optics. Light
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
TA1501-1820
Filter design
Resolution
0210 nano-technology
business
Simulation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19902573
- Volume :
- 17
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the European Optical Society. Rapid Publications
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1665916d9f63becb2ad790332a66c2da