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Preferential killing of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo when pharmacological aggravators of endoplasmic reticulum stress are combined with autophagy inhibitors
- Source :
- Cancer letters. 325(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- The cellular processes of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) appear to be interconnected, and it has been proposed that autophagy may serve to reduce ERS via removal of terminally misfolded and aggregated proteins. Conversely, there are indications that blockage of autophagy may increase ERS. Based on earlier work demonstrating that pharmacologically aggravated ERS can result in tumor cell killing, we investigated whether blockage of autophagy would enhance this effect in a therapeutically useful manner. We therefore combined chloroquine (CQ), a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy, with other drugs known to act as ERS aggravators (ERSA), namely nelfinavir (an HIV protease inhibitor) and celecoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) or its non-coxib analog 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), and investigated combination drug effects in a variety of breast cancer cell lines. We found that the addition of CQ resulted in synergistic enhancement of tumor cell killing by ERSA compounds, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. This combination effect could also be confirmed in an in vivo model, where CQ boosted low-dose ERSA effects, resulting in rapid deterioration of xenografted tumors in mice. Altogether, our results indicate that combinations of an autophagy inhibitor with pharmacological ERSA (i.e. compounds that lead to ER stress aggravation) should be further explored for potential therapy of otherwise difficult-to-treat TNBC.
- Subjects :
- Cancer Research
Mice, Nude
Apoptosis
Breast Neoplasms
Pharmacology
Biology
Mice
In vivo
Cell Line, Tumor
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
medicine
Autophagy
HIV Protease Inhibitor
Animals
Humans
Triple-negative breast cancer
Sulfonamides
Nelfinavir
Endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroquine
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
In vitro
Oncology
Celecoxib
Unfolded protein response
MCF-7 Cells
Pyrazoles
Female
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18727980
- Volume :
- 325
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cancer letters
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....188e444db3820d6e7d2809ffadf6d377