Core-Shell poly-(D,l-Lactide-co-Glycolide)-chitosan Nanospheres with simvastatin-doxycycline for periodontal and osseous repair

This study aimed to evaluated the potential of core-shell poly(D, l -lactide-co-glycolide)-chitosan (PLGA-chitosan) nanospheres encapsulating simvastatin (SIM) and doxycycline (DOX) for promoting periodontal and large-sized osseous defects. SIM, and/or DOX were encapsulated in PLGA-chitosan nanospheres using double emulsion technique and were delivered to sites of experimental periodontitis and large-sized mandibular osseous defects of rats for 1–4 weeks. The resultant nanospheres were ~ 200 nm diameter with distinct core-shell structure and released SIM and DOX sustainably for 28 days. DOX and SIM-DOX nanospheres significantly inhibited P. gingivalis and S. sanguinis. In experimental periodontitis sites, SIM-DOX nanospheres significantly down-regulated IL-1b and MMP-8 and significantly reduced bone loss. In mandibular osseous defects, VEGF was up-regulated, and osteogenesis was significantly augmented with SIM nanospheres treatment. In conclusion, core-shell PLGA-chitosan nanospheres released SIM and DOX sustainably. SIM-DOX and SIM nanospheres could be considered to promote the repair of infected periodontal sites and non-infected osseous defects respectively.