Analysis of Prognostic Factors Impacting Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis Outcomes

Background: This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of pediatric patients with acute mastoiditis while examining the role of intravenous steroid therapy, patient demographics, and serum inflammatory values as prognostic factors. Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective observational study including 73 consecutive patients treated for acute mastoiditis in the course of the 10-year study period (January 2010 to December 2019). Results: Data analysis showed that patients requiring surgical treatment (14%) had a 3- fold higher C-reactive protein value at admission compared to those treated conservatively (P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a C- reactive protein cut-off of ≥98.7 had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 74.6%, respectively, for predicting the need for surgery (area under the curve=0.927, P < .001). The duration of symptoms before hospitalization was nearly 2 days shorter in male patients (P=.031), and the use of intravenous steroid therapy significantly shortened the length of hospitalization (P=.023), by 1.4 days on average. Conclusion: Intravenous steroid therapy may be useful in decreasing the length of hospital stay. Mastoiditis tends to present more severely in male patients, and monitoring C- reactive protein values during treatment correlated well with the need for surgery.