Preparation, Confidence, and Attitudes About Chronic Noncancer Pain in Graduate Medical Education

Background Physicians report they feel ill-prepared to manage chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), in part because of inadequate training. Published studies and clinical observation demonstrate that trainees lack confidence and reflect negative attitudes about CNCP. Overall, there is minimal published guidance on specific specialty roles and responsibilities in CNCP management. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess resident preparation, confidence, and attitudes about CNCP across graduate medical education programs and to assess resident perception of roles and responsibilities in CNCP management. Methods In 2006 we surveyed residents from 13 graduate medical education programs in 3 institutions about CNCP and report quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey responses from 246 respondents. Results A total of 59% of respondents rated their medical school preparation and 36% rated their residency preparation as “fair” or “poor”; only 17% reported being “confident” or “very confident” in assessing patients with CNCP; and 30% used negative or derogatory terms (eg, manipulative, irritable, needy) to describe patients with CNCP. Respondents from postgraduate years 3–6 were more than twice as likely as postgraduate year 1 or postgraduate year 2 respondents (44% versus 21% and 20%, respectively) to use negative or derogatory terms (P = .0007). Respondents were significantly more likely to report that pain specialists are “good” or “excellent” in managing CNCP compared with generalists (73% versus 6%; P < .0001). Conclusion Education in pain management should begin in medical school and continue through graduate medical education, regardless of specialty. Early and sustained training interventions are needed to foster empathy in caring for patients with pain. Residency and fellowhip training should impart a clear understanding of each specialty's role and responsibilities in pain management to better foster patient-centered pain care.