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Risk factors and their interaction on chronic kidney disease: A multi-centre case control study in Taiwan
- Source :
- BMC Nephrology
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in Taiwan. More than two-thirds of end-stage renal disease is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension (HTN). Therefore, the formulation of a special preventative policy of CKD in these patients is essential. This study surveyed 14 traditional risk factors and identified their effects on CKD in patients with HTN/DM and compared these with their effects in the general population. Methods This study included 5328 cases and 5135 controls in the CKD/HTN/DM outpatient and health centres of 10 hospitals from 2008 to 2010. Fourteen common effect factors were surveyed (four demographic, five disease and five lifestyle), and their effects on CKD were tested. Significance tests were adjusted by the Bonferroni method. Results of the stratified analyses in the variables were presented with significant heterogeneity between patients with different comorbidities. Results Male, ageing, low income, hyperuricemia and lack of exercise habits were risk factors for CKD, and their effects in people with different comorbidities were identical. Anaemia was a risk factor, and there was an additive effect between anaemia and HTN on CKD. Patients with anaemia had a higher risk when associated with HTN [odds ratio (OR) = 6.75, 95 % confidence limit (95 % CI) 4.76–9.68] but had a smaller effect in people without HTN (OR 2.83, 95 % CI 2.16–3.67). The association between hyperlipidaemia-related factors and CKD was also moderated by HTN. It was a significant risk factor in people without HTN (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI 1.38–2.01) but not in patients with HTN (OR =1.03, 95 % CI 0.89–1.19). Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, betel nut chewing, smoking, alcohol intake and groundwater use were not associated with CKD in multivariate analysis. Conclusions We considered that patients with HTN and anaemia were a high CKD risk population. Physicians with anaemic patients in outpatient clinics need to recognise that patients who also have HTN might be latent CKD cases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0065-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- Male
urologic and male genital diseases
Risk Factors
Chronic kidney disease
Odds Ratio
Outpatient clinic
Groundwater
education.field_of_study
Smoking
Age Factors
Anemia
Hepatitis C
Middle Aged
Hepatitis B
Nephrology
Hypertension
Income
Female
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Interaction
Alcohol Drinking
Population
Taiwan
Anaemia
Hyperlipidemias
Hyperuricemia
Sex Factors
Internal medicine
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
medicine
Humans
cardiovascular diseases
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Risk factor
education
Areca
Aged
business.industry
Case-control study
Odds ratio
medicine.disease
Hyperlipidaemia
Case-Control Studies
Multivariate Analysis
Linear Models
Sedentary Behavior
business
Kidney disease
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14712369
- Volume :
- 16
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Nephrology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1cf7d743ea48c61ff155d29631d67edd