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Association between Cyclooxygenase-2 and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression in Breast Cancer Patients from Pakistan
- Source :
- Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- EpiSmart Science Vector Ltd, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Background: Tumors use several immunosuppressive mechanisms to evade immune destruction. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression may be a driver of immunosuppression in breast cancer, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. COX-2 expression induces the expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in tumor cells. IDO is an immunosuppressive enzyme which is involved in tumor immune escape mechanisms in breast cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the association between COX-2 and IDO expression to find evidence of immunosuppression in Pakistani breast cancer patients. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of COX-2, IDO, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues of 100 patients. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors of COX-2. Results: A total of 100 patients were included with a mean age and standard deviation of 48.28 ± 11.83. A significant association was observed among COX-2, IDO, ER, PR and tumor grade. In multivariable analysis, three variables were identified as significant independent risk factors for high COX-2: IDO expression high; [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.00-21.20), p=0.001], ER; [AOR 5.62; 95% CI (1.80-17.84), p=0.002] and age [AOR 1.04; 95% CI (1.00-1.10), p=0.05] respectively. Conclusion: Our data showed that high IDO expression is associated with high COX-2 expression in Pakistani breast cancer patients. The co-expression of both enzymes may suggest their role in disease pathogenesis. Hence the concurrent targeting of COX-2 and IDO may be a promising therapy for breast cancer.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Oncology
medicine.medical_specialty
medicine.medical_treatment
Estrogen receptor
Breast Neoplasms
03 medical and health sciences
indoleamine 2- 3-dioxygenase
breast cancer
0302 clinical medicine
Breast cancer
Immune system
Internal medicine
Progesterone receptor
Tumor Microenvironment
medicine
Humans
Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Pakistan
Cyclooxygenase-2
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
Retrospective Studies
business.industry
Immunosuppression
General Medicine
Odds ratio
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
Immunohistochemistry
030104 developmental biology
Receptors, Estrogen
Cyclooxygenase 2
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Tumor Escape
Receptors, Progesterone
business
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 2476762X
- Volume :
- 20
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1d75bbb07a0c795a73be582b8f9eae7d