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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor 4-IPP downregulates stemness phenotype and mesenchymal trans-differentiation after irradiation in glioblastoma multiforme
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257375 (2021), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Radiation therapy is among the most essential treatment methods for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Radio-resistance and cancer stem cell properties can cause therapeutic resistance, cancer heterogeneity, and poor prognoses in association with GBM. Furthermore, the GBM subtype transition from proneural to the most malignant mesenchymal subtype after radiation therapy also accounts for high resistance to conventional treatments. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) by 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP), a dual inhibitor targeting MIF and DDT, downregulates stemness phenotype, intracellular signaling cascades, mesenchymal trans-differentiation, and induces apoptosis in proneural glioma stem cells (GSCs). In an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas, high MIF and DDT expression were associated with poor prognosis. GSC growth was effectively inhibited by 4-IPP in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and 4-IPP combined with radiation therapy led to significantly reduced proliferation compared with radiation therapy alone. The expression of stemness factors, such as Olig2 and SOX2, and the expression of pAKT, indicating PI3K signaling pathway activation, were decreased in association with both 4-IPP monotherapy and combination treatment. The expression of mesenchymal markers, TGM2 and NF-κB, and expression of pERK (indicating MAPK signaling pathway activation) increased in association with radiation therapy alone but not with 4-IPP monotherapy and combination therapy. In addition, the combination of 4-IPP and radiation therapy significantly induced apoptosis compared to the monotherapy of 4-IPP or radiation. In vivo results demonstrated a significant tumor-suppressing effect of 4-IPP when combined with radiation therapy. Collectively, our results showed that the targeted inhibition of MIF and DDT has the potential to strengthen current clinical strategies by enhancing the anticancer effects of radiation therapy.
- Subjects :
- Insecticides
Cell signaling
Indoles
medicine.medical_treatment
Cancer Treatment
Apoptosis
Signal transduction
Mice
Radiation, Ionizing
Medicine and Health Sciences
Neurological Tumors
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Multidisciplinary
Cell Death
Brain Neoplasms
Signaling cascades
Agriculture
Glioma
Animal Models
Immunohistochemistry
Oncology
Neurology
Experimental Organism Systems
Cell Processes
Medicine
Stem cell
Agrochemicals
Research Article
Clinical Oncology
MAPK signaling cascades
Combination therapy
Science
Mice, Nude
Radiation Therapy
Mouse Models
Research and Analysis Methods
Ddt
Model Organisms
SOX2
Cancer stem cell
medicine
Animals
Humans
Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors
Cell Proliferation
business.industry
Biology and Life Sciences
Cancers and Neoplasms
Cancer
Cell Biology
medicine.disease
Radiation therapy
Animal Studies
Cancer research
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Clinical Medicine
Glioblastoma
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1dc9727e6deebc53cfb5bec5cf861a9c