Assessment of Oil Spill Damage to Marine Ecosystems: Some Foreign Experiences and Conditions to Be Applied in Vietnam

Currently, oil pollution at sea is one of the serious marine pollution issues that are of great concern to the international community. The incidents of oil exploitation and transportation in the world have become a great threat to the environment in general and ecosystems in particular. Many oil spills have occurred with serious long-term consequences for the ecological environment. Oil pollution in the East Sea in general and oil pollution in the Vietnam Sea in particular are not out of that situation. Marine ecosystems are one of the most important resources for Vietnam's development. However, in recent years, the marine ecosystem has been subject to many negative impacts from the environment, especially the risk of pollution caused by the oil spill when Vietnam is a country with large oil exploitation and import and export activities. In fact, evaluation methods have been widely applied to accurately identify losses. These losses will be an important basis to make decisions to sanction pollution acts. It is also the forecast information channel for ministries and agencies in development planning and devising strategies to minimize losses from the oil spill.