Back to Search
Start Over
MAP/ERK Signaling in Developing Cognitive and Emotional Function and Its Effect on Pathological and Neurodegenerative Processes
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 4471, p 4471 (2020), Repositori Universitat Jaume I, Universitat Jaume I
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The signaling pathway of the microtubule-associated protein kinase or extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a common mechanism of extracellular information transduction from extracellular stimuli to the intracellular space. The transduction of information leads to changes in the ongoing metabolic pathways and the modification of gene expression patterns. In the central nervous system, ERK is expressed ubiquitously, both temporally and spatially. As for the temporal ubiquity, this signaling system participates in three key moments: (i) Embryonic development; (ii) the early postnatal period; and (iii) adulthood. During embryonic development, the system is partly responsible for the patterning of segmentation in the encephalic vesicle through the FGF8-ERK pathway. In addition, during this period, ERK directs neurogenesis migration and the final fate of neural progenitors. During the early postnatal period, ERK participates in the maturation process of dendritic trees and synaptogenesis. During adulthood, ERK participates in social and emotional behavior and memory processes, including long-term potentiation. Alterations in mechanisms related to ERK are associated with different pathological outcomes. Genetic alterations in any component of the ERK pathway result in pathologies associated with neural crest derivatives and mental dysfunctions associated with autism spectrum disorders. The MAP-ERK pathway is a key element of the neuroinflammatory pathway triggered by glial cells during the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as prionic diseases. The process triggered by MAPK/ERK activation depends on the stage of development (mature or senescence), the type of cellular element in which the pathway is activated, and the anatomic neural structure. However, extensive gaps exist with regards to the targets of the phosphorylated ERK in many of these processes.
- Subjects :
- MAPK/ERK pathway
hippocampus
receptor
Emotions
Synaptogenesis
Review
Biology
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Synapse
lcsh:Chemistry
memory
learning
Cognition
synapse
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
long term potentiation
long term depression
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
Molecular Biology
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Kinase
Organic Chemistry
Neurogenesis
Neural crest
Long-term potentiation
Neurodegenerative Diseases
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
septum
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Signal transduction
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Neuroscience
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....20323f8e5abc343bda7391f528b8e61a