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Enantiomeric separation of tramadol and Its metabolites: method validation and application to environmental samples
- Source :
- Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), instacron:RCAAP, Symmetry; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 170, Symmetry, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 170 (2017)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2017.
-
Abstract
- The accurate assessment of racemic pharmaceuticals requires enantioselective analytical methods. This study presents the development and validation of an enantioselective liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detection method for the concomitant quantification of the enantiomers of tramadol and their metabolites, N-desmethyltramadol and O-desmethyltramadol, in wastewater samples. Optimized conditions were achieved using a Lux Cellulose-4 column 150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm isocratic elution, and 0.1% diethylamine in hexane and ethanol (96:4, v/v) at 0.7 mL min-1. The samples were extracted using 150 mg Oasis® mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) cartridges. The method was validated using a synthetic effluent of a laboratory-scale aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor. The method demonstrated to be selective, accurate, and linear (r2 > 0.99) over the range of 56 ng L-1 to 392 ng L-1. The detection and the quantification limits of each enantiomer were 8 ng L-1 and 28 ng L-1 for tramadol and N-desmethyltramadol, and 20 ng L-1 and 56 ng L-1 for O-desmethyltramadol. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated in a screening study in influent and effluent samples from a wastewater treatment plant. The results demonstrated the occurrence of tramadol enantiomers up to 325.1 ng L-1 and 357.9 ng L-1, in the effluent and influent samples, respectively. Both metabolites were detected in influents and effluents.
- Subjects :
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
O-desmethyltramadol
General Mathematics
Sequencing batch reactor
Wastewater
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Lux Cellulose-4 column
Computer Science (miscellaneous)
medicine
Effluent
Tramadol
Diethylamine
Chromatography
010405 organic chemistry
lcsh:Mathematics
010401 analytical chemistry
lcsh:QA1-939
O-Desmethyltramadol
6. Clean water
0104 chemical sciences
Hexane
Chiral pharmaceuticals
chiral pharmaceuticals
tramadol
N-desmethyltramadol
wastewater
chemistry
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Sewage treatment
Enantiomer
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), instacron:RCAAP, Symmetry; Volume 9; Issue 9; Pages: 170, Symmetry, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 170 (2017)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2039d402b71e6caa2ade8fa6875f1909