Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles and particles reveals the cellular response to cisplatin in <scp>NSCLC</scp>

Background Cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is a therapeutic strategy against non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, cancers relapse after chemotherapy due to a dormant state of residual cancer cells. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are active carriers of proteins and nucleic acid. Here, we aimed to study the molecular alterations and proteomic characteristics of EPV in dormant and reactivated cancer cells induced by cisplatin. Methods We used a short‐term single dose of cisplatin to induce the dormant and reactivated cell status. We examined the gene expressional profiling and proteomic profiling of EVPs from dormant and reactivated cancer cells by RNA‐sequencing and LC–MS/MS. Results We found substantial changes in gene expression and protein level in EVP. The genes with higher expression in dormant cancer cells were lipid transporter‐ and lipid metabolic‐related genes. A total of 111 EVP proteins were upregulated in dormant cancer cells compared to those in control cells. Fifty differential expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in EVPs from reactivated cancer cells compared to those in dormant cancer cells. Among the DEPs, we found that apolipoproteins such as APOA1 and APOE were significantly increased in dormant cancer cell‐derived EVPs. Integration of EVP proteomes with transcriptional profiles of cancer cells revealed that the proteomic profiling of EVP derived from cancer cells can reflect the cellular status of cancer cells, which showed an activated lipid metabolism in dormant state. Conclusion Lipoproteins enriched in EVPs reflect the activated lipid metabolism in dormant cancer cells and may provide potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin‐based therapy.
Integration of EVP proteomes with transcriptional profiles revealed that the proteomic profiling of EVP derived from cancer cells can reflect the cellular status of cancer cells, which showed an activated lipid metabolism in dormant state induced by chemotherapy. It may provide potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin‐based therapy.