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A benchmark study on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or "nanofluids," was measured by over 30 organizations worldwide, using a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and nonaqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, near-spherical and elongated particles, at low and high particle concentrations. The data analysis reveals that the data from most organizations lie within a relatively narrow band (�10% or less) about the sample average with only few outliers. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was found to increase with particle concentration and aspect ratio, as expected from classical theory. There are (small) systematic differences in the absolute values of the nanofluid thermal conductivity among the various experimental approaches; however, such differences tend to disappear when the data are normalized to the measured thermal conductivity of the basefluid. The effective medium theory developed for dispersed particles by Maxwell in 1881 and recently generalized by Nan [J. Appl. Phys. 81, 6692 (1997)], was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity was achieved in the nanofluids tested in this exercise. � 2009 American Institute of Physics.
- Subjects :
- Materials science
Transient hot wire method
Thermal conductivity of liquids
Oxide
Data analysis
General Physics and Astronomy
Nanoparticle
Thermodynamics
Optical conductivity
Nanofluidics
Nanotechnology
Experimental data
Metal
Elongated particles
Nanofluids
chemistry.chemical_compound
Viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Nanofluid
Metallic compounds
heat transfer
Benchmark study
Classical theory
Narrow bands
Steady-state method
Sample average
Absolute values
Nano-fluid
Optical properties
Optical methods
Stable dispersions
Dispersed p Effective medium theories
Thermoanalysis
Data handling
Non-aqueous
Aspect ratio
Particle concentrations
chemistry
visual_art
visual_art.visual_art_medium
Particle
nanofluid
Experimental approaches
Metal oxide particles
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English, Middle (1100-1500)
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....223e7863455666bf50f7a64eeb46074e