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The Untold Story of Granzymes in Oncoimmunology: Novel Opportunities with Old Acquaintances
- Source :
- Trends in cancer. 3(6)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- For more than 20 years perforin and granzymes (GZMs) have been recognized as key cell death executors of cytotoxic T (Tc) and natural killer (NK) cells during cancer immunosurveillance. In immune surveillance, perforin and GZMB, the most potent cytotoxic molecules, act mainly as antitumoral and anti-infectious factors. However, when expressed by immune regulatory cells they may contribute to immune evasion of specific cancer types. By contrast, the other major granzyme, GZMA, seems not to play a major role in Tc/NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that might contribute to cancer development. Members of the GZM family also regulate other biological processes unrelated to cell death, such as angiogenesis, vascular integrity, extracellular matrix remodeling, and barrier function, all of which contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Thus, a new paradigm is emerging in the field of oncoimmunology. Can GZMs act as protumoral factors under some circumstances? We review the diverse roles of GZMs in cancer progression, and new therapeutic opportunities emerging from targeting these protumoral roles.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
Angiogenesis
Lymphocyte Activation
Granzymes
GZMB
Immunomodulation
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
T-Lymphocyte Subsets
Neoplasms
medicine
Tumor Microenvironment
Cytotoxic T cell
Animals
Humans
Myeloid Cells
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Immunologic Surveillance
biology
Immunity
Cancer
medicine.disease
3. Good health
Extracellular Matrix
Immunosurveillance
030104 developmental biology
Oncology
Perforin
Granzyme
Immune System
Immunology
biology.protein
Disease Progression
Disease Susceptibility
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 24058025
- Volume :
- 3
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Trends in cancer
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2333cd36253fec1ffdcbae8e83d37e49