Country Case Studies

In this chapter, we present a series of country case studies, addressing specific challenges of reducing ammonia emissions and managing nitrogen on farm and field scale. Section 8.1 introduces nitrogen management activities in an intensively farmed region of Italy, while Sect. 8.2 addresses aspects of animal feed in Swiss pig farming. The following Sect. (8.3) illustrates N management in cattle and poultry operations in Switzerland. The assessment of ammonia abatement cost in dairy farming in the Russian Federation is covered in Sect. 8.4, with Sect. 8.5 discussing the costs of adoption of low ammonia emission slurry application methods on grassland in Ireland. A further case study on slurry application addresses the costs incurred by the trailing hose technique and by slurry dilution with water under Swiss frame conditions (Sect. 8.6). Section 8.7 highlights the estimated cost of abating volatilized ammonia from urea by urease inhibitors in the EU, and finally Sect. 8.8 discusses potential N2O reduction associated with the use of urease inhibitors in Spain (Authors of this section: Stefan Reis1,2, Mark A. Sutton1, Clare Howard1,3 (1) NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK; (2) Knowledge Spa, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK; (3) School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Geography, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK).