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Lack of access to clean fuel and piped water and children’s educational outcomes in rural India
- Source :
- World Development
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Pergamon Press, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Highlights • In addition to time-saving infrastructure, maternal time provides key inputs for children’s cognitive development. • Children living in households that relying on free collection of water and firewood have lower educational outcomes. • The negative impacts are greater when women bear a disproportionate burden of these unpaid activities. • Gender inequality in unpaid work is associated with lower educational outcomes, particularly for boys.<br />Investments in clean fuel and piped water are often recommended in developing countries on health grounds. This paper examines an alternative channel, the relationship between piped water and access to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and children’s educational outcomes. Results based on the second round of the India Human Development Survey (2011–12) for rural India show that children aged 6–14 years, living in households that rely on free collection of water and cooking fuel, have lower mathematics scores and benefit from lower educational expenditures than children living in households that do not collect water and fuel. Moreover, gender inequality in this unpaid work burden also matters. In households where the burden of collection is disproportionately borne by women, child outcomes are significantly lower, particularly for boys. The endogeneity of choice to collect or purchase water and cooking fuel are modeled via Heckman selection and the entropy balancing method.
- Subjects :
- Gender inequality
Economics and Econometrics
Children’s educational outcomes
Sociology and Political Science
Geography, Planning and Development
education
Unpaid work
Developing country
Development
Liquefied petroleum gas
Rural india
Human development (humanity)
Article
Rural India
Maternal time-investment
Clean fuel
Endogeneity
Socioeconomics
Piped water
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0305750X
- Volume :
- 145
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- World Development
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....24861013084cb342fbcb5d622ce192de