Thyroid hormone deiodinases D1, D2, and D3 are expressed in human endothelial dermal microvascular line: effects of thyroid hormones

Endothelial system acts as a large endocrine organ in the human body; however, little is still known about the regulative role of THs on endothelial cells. Aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the TH deiodinases (D1, D2, and D3) and TH receptors (TRα1, TRα2, and TRβ1) in an endothelial microvascular cultured cell model (HMEC-1), after stimulation with triiodothyronine (T3, 10–100 nM), thyroxine (T4, 10–100 nM), and reverse T3 (rT3, 1–10 nM). DIO1 was significantly inhibited by T4 at 10 and 100 nM (p