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Enhanced Fire Safety of Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Synergistic Effect of Phosphorus/Nitrogen Compounds and Expandable Graphite
- Source :
- Molecules, Volume 25, Issue 20, Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 4741, p 4741 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- In order to explore highly efficient flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), phosphorus/nitrogen compounds and expandable graphite (EG) were successfully incorporated into RPUF by a free one-spot method. The combustion results showed that the fire safety of the RPUF samples was remarkably improved by the addition of phosphoric/nitrogen compounds and EG. With the incorporation of 22.4 wt.% phosphorus/nitrogen compounds and 3.2 wt.% EG, the RPUF composites achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. Besides, the total heat release and total smoke release of RPUF composites were reduced by 29.6% and 32.4% respectively, compared to those of the pure RPUF sample. PO&bull<br />and PO2&bull<br />together with nonflammable gaseous products were evolved from phosphoric/nitrogen compounds in the gas phase, which quenched the flammable free radicals in the matrix and diluted the concentration of combustible gaseous products generated from PRUF during combustion. The compact char residues which acted as excellent physical barriers were formed by catalysis of EG and phosphoric/nitrogen compounds in the condense phase. The fire hazard of RPUF was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of phosphorus-nitrogen compounds and EG. This work provides a promising strategy to enhance the fire safety of RPUF.
- Subjects :
- phosphorus-nitrogen compounds
Polyurethanes
Pharmaceutical Science
Poison control
chemistry.chemical_element
02 engineering and technology
010402 general chemistry
Combustion
01 natural sciences
Fires
Article
Analytical Chemistry
Catalysis
lcsh:QD241-441
chemistry.chemical_compound
lcsh:Organic chemistry
synergistic effect
heat release
Drug Discovery
Humans
Char
Graphite
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Nitrogen Compounds
Flame Retardants
Polyurethane
Chemistry
Phosphorus
Organic Chemistry
Phosphorus Compounds
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Nitrogen
0104 chemical sciences
Chemical engineering
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
rigid polyurethane foam
Molecular Medicine
0210 nano-technology
flame retardancy
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 25
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....26600e818e3d1f9894a32b511ea654e6