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Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins
- Source :
- Silventoinen, K, Bogl, L H, Jelenkovic, A, Vuoksimaa, E, Latvala, A, Li, W, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Ordoñana, J R, Sánchez-Romera, J F, Colodro-Conde, L, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, C E M, Rebato, E, Corley, R P, Huibregtse, B M, Hopper, J L, Tyler, J, Duncan, G E, Buchwald, D, Silberg, J L, Maes, H H, Kandler, C, Cozen, W, Hwang, A E, Mack, T M, Nelson, T L, Whitfield, K E, Medda, E, Nisticò, L, Toccaceli, V, Krueger, R F, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Montgomery, G W, Heikkilä, K, Derom, C A, Vlietinck, R F, Loos, R J F, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Dahl Aslan, A K, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Siribaddana, S H, Rose, R J, Sørensen, T I A, Boomsma, D I & Kaprio, J 2021, ' Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins : An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts ', Hormones and Behavior, vol. 136, 105054 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105054, Hormones and Behavior, 136:105054, 1-6. Academic Press Inc., Silventoinen, K, Bogl, L H, Jelenkovic, A, Vuoksimaa, E, Latvala, A, Li, W, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Ordoñana, J R, Sánchez-Romera, J F, Colodro-Conde, L, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, C E M, Rebato, E, Corley, R P, Huibregtse, B M, Hopper, J L, Tyler, J, Duncan, G E, Buchwald, D, Silberg, J L, Maes, H H, Kandler, C, Cozen, W, Hwang, A E, Mack, T M, Nelson, T L, Whitfield, K E, Medda, E, Nisticò, L, Toccaceli, V, Krueger, R F, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Montgomery, G W, Heikkilä, K, Derom, C A, Vlietinck, R F, Loos, R J F, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Dahl Aslan, A K, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Siribaddana, S H, Rose, R J, Sørensen, T I A, Boomsma, D I & Kaprio, J 2021, ' Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins : An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts ', Hormones and Behavior, vol. 136, 105054, pp. 1-6 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105054
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Comparing twins from same- and opposite-sex pairs can provide information on potential sex differences in a variety of outcomes, including socioeconomic-related outcomes such as educational attainment. It has been suggested that this design can be applied to examine the putative role of intrauterine exposure to testosterone for educational attainment, but the evidence is still disputed. Thus, we established an international database of twin data from 11 countries with 88,290 individual dizygotic twins born over 100 years and tested for differences between twins from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs in educational attainment. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear regression models after adjusting for birth year and twin study cohort. In contrast to the hypothesis, no difference was found in women (β = −0.05 educational years, 95% CI −0.11, 0.02). However, men with a same-sex co-twin were slightly more educated than men having an opposite-sex co-twin (β = 0.14 educational years, 95% CI 0.07, 0.21). No consistent differences in effect sizes were found between individual twin study cohorts representing Europe, the USA, and Australia or over the cohorts born during the 20th century, during which period the sex differences in education reversed favoring women in the latest birth cohorts. Further, no interaction was found with maternal or paternal education. Our results contradict the hypothesis that there would be differences in the intrauterine testosterone levels between same-sex and opposite-sex female twins affecting education. Our findings in men may point to social dynamics within same-sex twin pairs that may benefit men in their educational careers. CC BY 4.0Correspondence Address: Silventoinen, K.; University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, Finland; email: karri.silventoinen@helsinki.fi© 2021 The Authors
- Subjects :
- Male
Twins
Dizygotic twins
Education
Cohort Studies
03 medical and health sciences
Behavioral Neuroscience
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
5. Gender equality
Sex differences in education
RA0421
Twins, Dizygotic
Humans
Medicine
Testosterone
10. No inequality
Birth Year
Medicinsk genetik
030304 developmental biology
Sex Characteristics
0303 health sciences
Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi)
Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
business.industry
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Testosterone (patch)
Twin study
Testosterone exposure
Confidence interval
Educational attainment
Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology)
Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi
5141 Sociology
Cohort
Educational Status
1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology
Female
business
Medical Genetics
RA
Twin testosterone transfer hypothesis
SDG 4 - Quality Education
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Demography
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0018506X
- Volume :
- 136
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Hormones and Behavior
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....280cfd59d6f88ebb6dfbbb47722353a1