Beneficial Effect on Surrogate Markers of Heart Failure with Bisoprolol Up-Titration to Recommended Targets in Korean Patients with Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to establish the benefit of bisoprolol up-titration toward recommended dosage targets, versus lower-dose maintenance, in heart failure (HF) patients with systolic dysfunction. METHODS Korean HF patients received bisoprolol 1.25 mg/day, incrementally up-titrated toward 10 mg/day in the absence of contraindications. After 26 weeks' treatment, patients were grouped as low-dose (