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The Effect of Insecticide Synergists on the Response of Scabies Mites to Pyrethroid Acaricides
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 1, p e354 (2009)
- Publication Year :
- 2009
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science, 2009.
-
Abstract
- Background Permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. Recent evidence has demonstrated that scabies mites are becoming increasingly tolerant to topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. An effective approach to manage pesticide resistance is the addition of synergists to counteract metabolic resistance. Synergists are also useful for laboratory investigation of resistance mechanisms through their ability to inhibit specific metabolic pathways. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine the role of metabolic degradation as a mechanism for acaricide resistance in scabies mites, PBO (piperonyl butoxide), DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) and DEM (diethyl maleate) were first tested for synergistic activity with permethrin in a bioassay of mite killing. Then, to investigate the relative role of specific metabolic pathways inhibited by these synergists, enzyme assays were developed to measure esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytochrome P450) activity in mite extracts. A statistically significant difference in median survival time of permethrin-resistant Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis was noted when any of the three synergists were used in combination with permethrin compared to median survival time of mites exposed to permethrin alone (p<br />Author Summary Synergists are commonly used in combination with pesticides to suppress metabolism-based resistance and increase the efficacy of the agents. They are also useful as tools for laboratory investigation of specific resistance mechanisms based on their ability to inhibit specific metabolic pathways. To determine the role of metabolic degradation as a mechanism for acaricide resistance in human scabies, PBO (piperonyl butoxide), DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) and DEM (diethyl maleate) were used with permethrin as synergists in a bioassay of mite killing. A statistically significant difference in survival time of permethrin-resistant Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis was noted when any of the three synergists were used in combination with permethrin compared to survival time of mites exposed to permethrin alone (p
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Insecticides
Drug Resistance
Pharmacology
01 natural sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Scabies
Ivermectin
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Pyrethrins
Enzyme Inhibitors
Acaricides
Glutathione Transferase
0303 health sciences
Pyrethroid
integumentary system
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Esterases
Pesticide Synergists
3. Good health
Infectious Diseases
medicine.drug
Research Article
Piperonyl butoxide
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
lcsh:RC955-962
Piperonyl Butoxide
Biology
03 medical and health sciences
parasitic diseases
medicine
Mite
Animals
Chemistry/Biochemistry
Dermatology/Skin Infections
Permethrin
030304 developmental biology
Acaricide
Organothiophosphates
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Maleates
lcsh:RA1-1270
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
010602 entomology
chemistry
Infectious Diseases/Neglected Tropical Diseases
Sarcoptes scabiei
Drug metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Volume :
- 3
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2891b9821f0ca08ae6008ad597899b13