Helicobacter pylori infection-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota of 14-year-old or 15-year-old Japanese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe relationship between Helicobacter pylori and the intestinal microbiota has not yet been clearly demonstrated in children and adolescents. The present study aimed at evaluating how H. pylori infection could affect the intestinal microbiota in adolescents using genetic analysis.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsWe included subjects from a longitudinal project involving H. pylori screening and treatment of junior high school third-grade students (aged 14 or 15 years) in Saga Prefecture. The study included a control group (n=79) and an H. pylori group (n=80) tested negative and positive for the anti-H. pylori antibody in the urine and H. pylori antigen in stool specimens, respectively.InterventionsThe intestinal microbiota was evaluated in stool specimens using 16S rRNA gene/DNA/amplicon sequencing with next-generation sequencing.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe assessed alpha and beta diversity, just as well as relative abundances within the bacterial composition at the genus level in both groups.ResultsAs shown by the alpha diversity of the 16S rRNA gene/DNA/amplicon sequence data, the control group exhibited lower microbial species richness with lower alpha diversity compared with the H. pylori group (pPrevotella genus was higher in the H. pylori group (pH. pylori group (pConclusionH. pylori infection significantly affected the intestinal microbiota in Japanese adolescents. In addition, the prevalence of the Prevotella genus is concomitantly increased along with the BMI in H. pylori-infected students.Trial registration numberUMIN000028721.