Dark matter and dark energy or alternative theories of gravity and cosmology

One could call 2006 as the year of cosmology since in the year two US scientists were awarded by the Nobel prize for their studies of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) spectrum and anisotropy. Studies of CMB anisotropy done with the Soviet spacecraft Prognoz‐9 by the Relikt‐1 team are reminded. Problems of modern cosmology are outlined. We discuss conformal cosmology parameters from supernovae data in brief. Two approaches to solve the basic problems of cosmology, such as dark matter and dark energy, are discussed, the first (standard) possibility is to introduce new particles, fields etc, the second possibility is to try to change a gravity law to fit observational data. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the second choice.