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The secreted glycolytic enzyme GPI/AMF stimulates glioblastoma cell migration and invasion in an autocrine fashion but can have anti-proliferative effects
- Source :
- Neuro-oncology. 20(12)
- Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background Aerobic glycolysis confers several advantages to tumor cells, including shunting of metabolites into anabolic pathways. In glioblastoma cells, hypoxia induces a flux shift from the pentose phosphate pathway toward glycolysis and a switch from proliferation to migration. The mechanistic link between glycolysis and migration is poorly understood. Since glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is identical to the secreted cytokine autocrine motility factor (AMF), we investigated whether GPI/AMF regulates glioblastoma cell invasion. Methods The expression and hypoxic regulation of GPI/AMF and its receptor AMFR were analyzed in glioblastoma tissue and cell lines. Functional effects were studied in vitro and in xenograft models. Results High GPI/AMF expression in glioblastomas was found to be associated with a worse patient prognosis, and levels were highest in hypoxic pseudopalisades. Hypoxia upregulated both GPI/AMF and AMFR expression as well as GPI/AMF secretion in vitro. GPI/AMF stimulated cell migration in an autocrine fashion, and GPI/AMF expression was upregulated in migratory cells but reduced in rapidly proliferating cells. Knockdown or inhibition of GPI/AMF reduced glioblastoma cell migration but in part stimulated proliferation. In a highly invasive orthotopic glioblastoma model, GPI/AMF knockdown reduced tumor cell invasion but did not prolong survival. In a highly proliferative model, knockdown tumors were even larger and more proliferative than controls; however, perivascular invasion, provoked by simultaneous bevacizumab treatment, was reduced. Conclusions GPI/AMF is a potent motogen for glioblastoma cells, explaining in part the association between glycolysis and migration. Targeting GPI/AMF is, however, problematic, since beneficial anti-invasive effects may be outweighed by unintended mitogenic effects. Key points 1.Increased glycolysis is linked with increased cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells. 2.The glycolysis enzyme GPI/AMF may serve as a target for antimetabolic and anti-invasive therapy. 3.Despite reducing tumor invasion, GPI/AMF targeting may have unwanted growth stimulatory effects.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
Autocrine Motility Factor
medicine.medical_treatment
Apoptosis
03 medical and health sciences
Mice
Cell Movement
medicine
Biomarkers, Tumor
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Animals
Humans
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Autocrine signalling
Cell Proliferation
Gene knockdown
Cell growth
Chemistry
fungi
Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
Cell migration
Prognosis
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Receptors, Autocrine Motility Factor
Survival Rate
Autocrine Communication
030104 developmental biology
Cytokine
Oncology
Cell culture
Anaerobic glycolysis
Basic and Translational Investigations
Cancer research
Cytokines
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Neurology (clinical)
Glioblastoma
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15235866
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Neuro-oncology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2b19db0a80a3d23a8839a49cd95df5d0