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Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome
- Source :
- Gut, GUT, Gut, 70(7), 1287-1298. BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- ObjectiveThe microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish an anti-inflammatory gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their functional ability to induce intestinal inflammation.DesignWe investigated the relation between 173 dietary factors and the microbiome of 1425 individuals spanning four cohorts: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and the general population. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to profile gut microbial composition and function. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires. We performed unsupervised clustering to identify dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Associations between diet and microbial features were explored per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis and heterogeneity estimation.ResultsWe identified 38 associations between dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Moreover, 61 individual foods and nutrients were associated with 61 species and 249 metabolic pathways in the meta-analysis across healthy individuals and patients with IBS, Crohn’s disease and UC (false discovery rateRuminococcus species of the Blautia genus and endotoxin synthesis pathways. The opposite was found for plant foods and fish, which were positively associated with short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals and pathways of nutrient metabolism.ConclusionWe identified dietary patterns that consistently correlate with groups of bacteria with shared functional roles in both, health and disease. Moreover, specific foods and nutrients were associated with species known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. We propose microbial mechanisms through which the diet affects inflammatory responses in the gut as a rationale for future intervention studies.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Time Factors
IMPACT
Population
intestinal microbiology
FIBER
Gut flora
Inflammatory bowel disease
Beverages
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Feces
Crohn Disease
MARKERS
inflammatory bowel disease
Surveys and Questionnaires
medicine
Humans
RED WINE POLYPHENOLS
Functional ability
Microbiome
BOWEL-DISEASE
Gut Microbiota
education
Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammation
RISK
education.field_of_study
biology
Bacteria
Gastroenterology
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
BARRIER
Ulcerative colitis
Diet
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
meta-analysis
Metagenomics
Food
Immunology
Colitis, Ulcerative
COLITIS
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00175749
- Volume :
- 70
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Gut
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2c547aa9f998627745031d6343d70466