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Genome sequencing of the extinct Eurasian wild aurochs, Bos primigenius, illuminates the phylogeography and evolution of cattle
- Source :
- Genome Biology, Park, S D E, Magee, D A, McGettigan, P A, Teasdale, M D, Edwards, C J, Lohan, A J, Murphy, A, Braud, M, Donaghue, M T, Liu, Y, Chamberlain, A T, Rue-Albrecht, K, Schroeder, S, Spillane, C, Tai, S, Bradley, D G, Sonstegard, T S, Loftus, B J & MacHugh, D E 2015, ' Genome sequencing of the extinct Eurasian wild aurochs, Bos primigenius, illuminates the phylogeography and evolution of cattle ' Genome Biology (Online), vol. 16, no. 234, pp. 1-15 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0790-2, Park, S D E, Magee, D A, McGettigan, P A, Teasdale, M D, Edwards, C J, Lohan, A J, Murphy, A, Braud, M, Donaghue, M T, Liu, Y, Chamberlain, A T, Rue-Albrecht, K, Schroeder, S, Spillane, C, Tai, S, Bradley, D G, Sonstegard, T S, Loftus, B J & MacHugh, D E 2015, ' Genome sequencing of the extinct Eurasian wild aurochs, Bos primigenius, illuminates the phylogeography and evolution of cattle ', Genome Biology (Online), vol. 16, no. 234, pp. 1-15 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0790-2
- Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Background Domestication of the now-extinct wild aurochs, Bos primigenius, gave rise to the two major domestic extant cattle taxa, B. taurus and B. indicus. While previous genetic studies have shed some light on the evolutionary relationships between European aurochs and modern cattle, important questions remain unanswered, including the phylogenetic status of aurochs, whether gene flow from aurochs into early domestic populations occurred, and which genomic regions were subject to selection processes during and after domestication. Here, we address these questions using whole-genome sequencing data generated from an approximately 6,750-year-old British aurochs bone and genome sequence data from 81 additional cattle plus genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from a diverse panel of 1,225 modern animals. Results Phylogenomic analyses place the aurochs as a distinct outgroup to the domestic B. taurus lineage, supporting the predominant Near Eastern origin of European cattle. Conversely, traditional British and Irish breeds share more genetic variants with this aurochs specimen than other European populations, supporting localized gene flow from aurochs into the ancestors of modern British and Irish cattle, perhaps through purposeful restocking by early herders in Britain. Finally, the functions of genes showing evidence for positive selection in B. taurus are enriched for neurobiology, growth, metabolism and immunobiology, suggesting that these biological processes have been important in the domestication of cattle. Conclusions This work provides important new information regarding the origins and functional evolution of modern cattle, revealing that the interface between early European domestic populations and wild aurochs was significantly more complex than previously thought. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0790-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- dairy-cattle
Bioinformatics
Lineage (evolution)
05 Environmental Sciences
population-structure
Zoology
neanderthal genome
Genomics
Biology
taurine cattle
Q1
Extinction, Biological
Gene flow
Evolution, Molecular
domestication
milk-yield
evolution
Animals
aurochs
Domestication
QH426
ancient DNA
genome
hybridization
2. Zero hunger
08 Information And Computing Sciences
Phylogenetic tree
QH
Research
bos primigenius
Genetic Variation
Ruminants
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Aurochs
06 Biological Sciences
biology.organism_classification
Research Highlight
domestic cattle
Europe
Phylogeography
Ancient DNA
England
Evolutionary biology
mitochondrial genome
genetic-evidence
Cattle
european aurochs
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1474760X and 14656906
- Volume :
- 16
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Genome biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2caf691234c7554daa2287b5d0adb93c