See-and-treat strategy for diagnosis and management of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions

Summary In a see-and-treat protocol, patients referred for colposcopy because of an abnormal Pap smear in cervical-cancer screening can be treated by loop excision, without biopsy, during one visit to the clinic. However, overtreatment in the see-and-treat strategy has been reported to be 1·2–83·3% for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and to be 13·3–83·3% for high-grade SIL. Range of overtreatment narrowed to 4·0–23·5% for those with normal pathology and to 18·0–29·4% for those with normal or low-grade pathology when calculation of overtreatment was restricted to patients diagnosed with high-grade SIL on colposcopy and referral Pap smear. Most common treatment complications are bleeding and infection. Nonetheless, the strategy has become accepted internationally: low costs, decreased patient anxiety, and increased compliance make it appealing, especially in settings with limited health resources, and for patients at risk of not being treated in a timely manner or of not returning for a second appointment. Mathematical modelling may give information about the appropriateness and usefulness of this treatment while the results of long-term clinical trials are awaited.