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Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Diversity in the Vessel Wall
- Source :
- Biomedicines, Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 404, p 404 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). VC is a complex process expressing similarity to bone metabolism in onset and progression. VC in CKD is promoted by various factors not limited to hyperphosphatemia, Ca/Pi imbalance, uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of multiple signaling pathways in different cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. In the current review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the various kinds of VC, the clinical significance and available therapies, significant contributions from multiple cell types, and the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms for the VC process in the setting of CKD. Thus, we seek to highlight the key factors and cell types driving the pathology of VC in CKD in order to assist in the identification of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for patients burdened with this disease.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cell type
Vascular smooth muscle
Endothelium
endothelium
uremic toxins
VSMCs
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Inflammation
Disease
Review
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Bioinformatics
medicine.disease_cause
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
03 medical and health sciences
Hyperphosphatemia
0302 clinical medicine
medicine
CKD
vascular smooth muscle cells
hyperphosphatemia
lcsh:QH301-705.5
business.industry
medicine.disease
macrophages
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
lcsh:Biology (General)
vascular calcification
medicine.symptom
business
Oxidative stress
chronic kidney disease
Kidney disease
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22279059
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biomedicines
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2db4fb42f2dc8ff98accd9b29859d44e