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Ameliorating effects of Kangen-karyu on neuronal damage in rats subjected to repeated cerebral ischemia
- Source :
- Journal of Natural Medicines. 64:167-174
- Publication Year :
- 2010
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2010.
-
Abstract
- We previously reported that 21-day (14-day pre-ischemic and 7-day post-ischemic) treatment with Kangen-karyu (KGKR) improved spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal death induced by repeated cerebral ischemia (2 x 10-min, 1-h interval) in rats. In the present study, we examined the effect of single and 14-day pre-ischemic KGKR treatment on neuronal damage in the same repeated cerebral ischemia model. Additionally, to determine the mechanisms of neuroprotection by KGKR at glutamatergic neurons, we examined the effects of KGKR on glutamate release induced by repeated cerebral ischemia in vivo, and on cell damage induced by both glutamate and kainate in primary cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro. The 14-day pre-ischemic KGKR (300 mg/kg, oral administration (p.o.)) treatment reduced neuronal damage and astrocyte expression induced by repeated cerebral ischemia. No effect was observed after single pre-ischemic KGKR treatment. Both single and 14-day KGKR treatment decreased glutamate release in the hippocampal CA1 region in intact rats; however, neither pre-ischemic KGKR treatment altered glutamate release during cerebral ischemia. In vitro, KGKR (100-1000 microg/mL) dose-dependently suppressed hippocampal neuronal damage induced by both glutamate (100 microM) and kainate (1 mM). These data suggest neuroprotection with KGKR requires continuous pre-ischemic treatment, and that the mechanisms of protection may be involved in inhibiting the glutamatergic receptors of the post-synaptic neurons.
- Subjects :
- Male
Ischemia
Kainate receptor
Pharmacology
Hippocampal formation
Hippocampus
Neuroprotection
Brain Ischemia
Glutamatergic
medicine
Animals
Rats, Wistar
Cell damage
Cells, Cultured
Neurons
Cell Death
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
business.industry
Glutamate receptor
medicine.disease
Rats
Neuroprotective Agents
medicine.anatomical_structure
Anesthesia
Molecular Medicine
business
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Astrocyte
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18610293 and 13403443
- Volume :
- 64
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Natural Medicines
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....2e2ebb5665a22fb2730cbe9c52ed8fd1